The Role Of Technology Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Role Of Technology Essay, Research Paper Man is still the most extraordinary computing machine of all. John F. Kennedy Speech, May 21, 1963 As we look back in retrospect, civilisation has evolved greatly from coevals to coevals. Our promotion has been entirely dependent on one factor, the human head. The human head has brought us from the bondages of Neanderthal epoch to today s modern age. It has brought us legion of comfortss that are every bit simple as a cock to every bit sophisticated as the personal computing machine. These creative activities have multiplied exponentially and have been the crutch for our society. The anxiousness of Y2k exemplifies the magnitude in which we rely on these machines we have created. The quandary in which the development of engineering brings is a simple inquiry: To what extent should these machines govern our lives? This medium is the important reply to future endurance of our being. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of Technology Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we look back to a small over two centuries ago in our universe, engineering was non every bit outstanding as it is now. A twenty-four hours in which the Equus caballus cart broke did non greatly affect day-to-day life for people in that clip period. On the other manus, conceive of a twenty-four hours when electricity stops. Airports would be shut down, communicating failures, concern loss, and etc. Recently an temblor hit the state of Taiwan, where a bulk of the semiconducting material industry is located. During the temblor with a Richter graduated table of 7.4, many of the mills halted production on computing machine french friess. In the one of two yearss the workss were shut down, stocks associating to the computing machine industry plummeted. Dell Computer announced that its 3rd one-fourth net incomes would be lower than outlooks, Gateway portions dropped, and the harm went down the concatenation to companies that were related to the computing machine industry. If the craze o ver Y2k is accurate, we will see in first manus, the appreciation in which engineering has on our society. I have observed that a popular secret plan in sci-fi novels is the impression that someday in the hereafter, computing machines will regulate our lives and we will go slaves to them. The Terminator film series is a authoritative illustration that uses this secret plan. One must inquire himself if this fiction has become a world for worlds. Weapons of mass devastation were a changeless fright for all citizens during the Cold War and are still a menace to us. Reading about the Oklahoma City bombardment, the Columbine shots, the recent Xerox shots, and so forth makes me inquire if we have become slaves to our creative activities. To happen the medium in which we can equilibrate engineering with our lives, we must understand the differences and analogues that computing machines portion with us. An evident disparity is that computers/machines do non posses the ground and intuition that a human encephalon contains. Descartes foresaw this differentiation and grounds as follows: For whereas ground is a univeral instrument which can be used in all sorts of state of affairss, these variety meats [ of animate beings, like mechanisms in general ] need some peculiar temperament for each peculiar action ; hence it is for all practical intents impossible for a machine to hold adequate different variety meats to do it move in all eventualities of life in the manner in which our grounds makes us move. ( Descartes 1637, p.140 ) Descartes continues, even though such machines might make [ or state ] some things every bit good as we do them, or possibly even better, they would necessarily neglect in others, which would uncover that they were moving non through understanding but merely from the temperament of their variety meats. There is a common misconception that computing machines are perfect in their several maps and that they are the solution to the erroneous human being. Therefore, we trust it with all of our day-to-day responsibilities. Many continue to believe that since computing machines appear to be perfect and that we trust it with all our responsibilities, finally computing machines are smarter than worlds and someday may assist us carry through all of our undertakings. We have been fascinated by the capablenesss of the new cheat title-holder, Artificial Intelligence. The fact of the affair is that Artificial Intelligence can be flawed merely like worlds can be. The Chinese Room Argument proposed by John Searle gives us a glance to the abilities of AI. The experiment requires puting individual in a room with a clump of Chinese Hagiographas. Based on the batches of direction they give you are required to decode the Chinese characters. This carbon monoxide rrelation is evidently impossible to most existences and one of Searle s decisions is: If he doesn t understand so there is no manner the system could understand because the system is merely portion of him. Behind every computing machine system or package lays a plan or codification that was created by a human being. Therefore if you believe that worlds are erroneous, so the plans created would be besides flawed sharing a analogue between machines and worlds. In order to find whether to choose the consequences from the computing machine or the ace sawbones as given in the scenario, the benefits and disadvantages of computing machines must be underlined foremost. In the paragraphs above, I have tried to happen grounds to confute the impression that computers/machines are unflawed. However, computing machines can go a great complement to our day-to-day undertakings. The quandary we face is how much or how small we should trust on engineering before it controls us. The medium is simple ; blend the best of what worlds may offer such as the flexibleness of our heads with the increased truth and efficiency of the computing machine. In this given scenario, the computing machine that predicts the possibilities of a bosom onslaught should be viewed as a 2nd sentiment. Each bosom onslaught instance varies from patient to patient, computing machines may be accurate most of the clip but on the rare occasions it may besides be incorrect. Merely a phys ician would be able to take in history particular conditions such as a rare bosom status or a phenomenon that was neer discovered. The computing machine on the other manus would either give a false end product or syntax mistake. With the benefits of a physician and the computing machine as a 2nd sentiment, the patient would so be able to do an informed determination. However, if we become wooed by the computing machine s ability to do these anticipations and hope to replace physicians someday with these devices, we so cross the thin ruddy line from utilizing it as a tool to trusting on it. Promotions in the medical field have made medical specialty pattern today, more efficient and accurate. Inventions such as the X ray have become tools or nurses for physicians. Yet with these comfortss, most physicians do non trust entirely on generated informations but besides their experience and cognition learnt making a balance between adult male and engineering. Most resistance on this affair will reason on the virtue of a few points. First and first, cost efficiency ; if we are able to change over computing machines into physicians someday imagine the reduced cost of medical advice. There would be an obvious demand for these devices and therefore driving down the monetary values for medical attending. Peoples from all fiscal backgrounds would eventually be able to afford some kind of medical advice since surgery and advice presents have become extortionate in their costs. Second, this new signifier of medical specialty is clip efficient every bit good. Alternatively of leaping from physician to sophisticate for secondary sentiment, one computing machine will bring forth the same consequence as the other devices. Third, the computing machine may be able to give a more accurate diagnosing a individual physician today without the 2nd sentiments. However, there are many ethical issues that are involved in this state of affairs. Computers will n on be able to observe any new signifiers of diseases or rare conditions therefore giving many lives. My attack to this quandary from the article in the New Yorker is straightforward. I would take into consideration what the physician informs me of and besides the statistical informations compiled by the computing machine. However, I would non trust entirely on the computing machine but besides 2nd sentiments from other heart specialists besides the primary 1. Statistically wise, if I sought out three physicians and all three said I was all right and healthy. I would take their word for it and overruling the consequence generated by the computing machine. However, if the other two physicians agreed with the computing machine my obvious pick would be to understand that a bosom onslaught might happen. The most critical component I believe in this quandary is non to trust on engineering itself. The head is far more complex than computing machine french friess that were made by worlds. If the gift of our head were compromised, so they would be apparently no demand for them. Where there is the necessary proficient accomplishment to travel mountains, there is no demand for the religion that moves mountains. Eric Hoffer Man must understand its function with engineering before any continual patterned advance or else the sci-fi books we read may someday go a world.

The Mysterious Flame Of Queen Loana English Literature Essay Essays

The Mysterious Flame Of Queen Loana English Literature Essay Essays The Mysterious Flame Of Queen Loana English Literature Essay Paper The Mysterious Flame Of Queen Loana English Literature Essay Paper Umberto Eco uses a batch of intertextual mentions in his book The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana. In this essay I am traveling to concentrate on a few of those intertextual mentions, while besides naming a few more at the terminal of the text. My Cryptic Flame of Queen Loana extract begins towards the center of Chapter 7 Eight Days in the Attic, and ends the page before Chapter 8. The first of the intertextual mention that I am traveling to concentrate on is Eco and Disney which is writes on extensively in this book. I found three mentions to Disney on page 134 of Chapter 7 Eight Day in the Attic. Umberto Eco liked to utilize a batch of Disney and intertextual mentions in his narrative. As I researched to happen out why he would utilize Disney as a mention in his narrative changed my position from the first clip I read the lines in the narrative. My excerpt negotiations about Pinocchio and Snow White, which we know are fantasy characters that we have all come to love. In his Ess ay Travles in Hyperreality, Eco talks about the two Disney s, Disneyland and Disney World, and how they are the absolute sham metropoliss, with how they re-create a batch of the imitation of metropoliss and of the automatons they have created. He does happen the true hyperreality because at Disney everything is brighter, larger and more entertaining than mundane life, but besides say that world can be dissatisfactory. As I read this portion of the essays that it changed my position of how I read my extracts from the narrative of The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana. I thought when he was adverting these Disney characters that is was something happy and exciting, but as I read his essay it made me believe he was composing about how world can me dissatisfactory. Another thing that Eco said bout Disney made me believe more about why this mention is in the text and how he intended it to be used. Eco said, The Main Street frontages are presented to us as plaything houses and ask fo r us to come in them, but their inside is ever a cloaked supermarket, where you buy compulsively, believing that you are still playing ( 1 ) . I know that in Mysterious Flame of Queen Lonoa, he is speaking about certain characters of Disney films but to me everything Disney even the subject Parkss are the same. That last quotation mark he said Disney is a supermarket in camouflage makes me believe that he meant for the Disney character mentions to be himself in a large supermarket seeking to purchase material to acquire his memory back. The following intertextual mention I will speak about is the chief characters name of Yambo, which is besides talked about on pages 134 through 136 of Chapter 7 Eight Days in the Attic. In text Yambo is the chief character besides he is rare books trader who has suffered, from what we read in the text, a peculiar sort of cardiac event, the consequence of this cardiac event is amnesia. Yambo retains much of the information that he has read and seen in his books, but following to nil of his personal history, go forthing his friends and household as aliens to him, and in bend he has no cognition of his yesteryear, for which he does non cognize what he likes or disfavors in the universe. Eco uses Yambo as an intertextual mention because Yambo is a pen name of Enrico Novelli of Ciuffettino by Yambo demoing Ciuffettino s hideous hairstyle. Where as in Italian Ciuffettion means quaff, tussock of hair, and cowlick. I can do a connexion with this intertextual mention because in the text Yam bo negotiations about his hair and within my page Numberss on page 134, he is doing mention to these things. Eco says Cuiffettino, the capturing small male child with the quaff of a fairy-tale assassin: An huge quaff that gave him a funny visual aspect, doing him to resemble a plume dust storm ( Eco 134 ) . Then Yambo goes on to state that this is how he wanted to be and how that this is the ground he was born. As I read this text and so found out what the mention of Yambo truly was I could understand why the moniker of Yambo was put into topographic point for the chief character in this narrative. Eco besides makes the mention in another one of his narratives, Foucault s Pendulum. The chief character in that narrative makes a remark about his hair, so we see that Eco brings in the Cuiffettino term into drama in both narratives bring in the intertextuality between the two narratives. The moniker is besides from amusing Le Avventure Di Ciuffettion. The moniker was picked becaus e Yambo liked this amusing. The 3rd intertextual mention that interested me in my extract was the mention of Sherlock Holmes in the text. This intertextual mention comes up on page 152 in Chapter 7 Eight Days in the Attic. Sherlock Holmes is the celebrated investigator with an intense oculus, hawked nose, and the hallmark chapeau and pipe. Holmes observation and inherent aptitude personified, and even though he takes a spot of a back place to Watson in this narrative, we ever experience his presence. Holmes was a investigator that was really rational and really adept in his manner to work outing really hard instances. This mention was when I read it in the text was one that I could understand because Holmes is a detective seeking to work out offenses and ever is envisioned sitting about different topographic points with a missive or by a fire, while Yambo is his ain investigators seeking to happen his lost memory that has been taken off from him. In Cryptic Flame of Queen Lonoa, Eco says At that really minut e Sherlock Holmes was me, purpose on retracing and retracing distant events which he had no anterior cognition, while staying at place, close away, possibly even in an Attic ( 152 ) . At this minute Yambo feels a connexion with Sherlock Holmes. I feel like Eco put this in his novel because the narrative is sort of like a detective narrative, Yambo seeking to happen his lost memory by traveling through his parents Attic to happen his memories. Yambo is besides seeking to battle that fog, which he makes mention to on page 152. Then we get one of the four voices in the narrative, the italic text and it s a reading from the Sherlock Holmes narrative, A Study in Scarlet. The italic text negotiations about the fog. It says heavy drizzly fog and Foggy, cloudy forenoon, here we see the connexion between the that text and Eco s text because both characters, Yambo and Sherlock Holmes, are both seeking to battle that fog that is dejecting liquors and doing problem for each person. I think that this was one of the bigger intertextual mentions in my extract from the narrative of Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana. I say this because it is a large connexion between characters and what these characters are making in their certain narratives. Yambo is being that investigator like Holmes, utilizing his acute ability of text to assist happen the lost memory of his personal life. ( 1204 ) Appendix Jack London s Martin Eden, this is found on page 129 of Chapter 7 Eight Days in the Attic. Jack London s semiautobiographical novel about a fighting immature author, is considered by many to be the writer s most mature work. And together there with Fantomas were the narratives of Rocambole, another offense Godhead Found on page 133 of Chapter 7. The Rocambole novels were written by Pierre Alexis Ponson du Terrail, get downing in 1857 ; the Fantomas novels were written by Pierre Souvestre and Marcel Allain in 1911-13 Wellclose Square . an back street a theatre where the cocottes who frequent the boxes are shoeless. Found on page 133 in Chapter 7. In Foucault s Pendulum, chapter 64, Belbo describes a dream in which he is rolling in a Paris which becomes Barcelona, and so London. Disney: Pinocchio and Snow White. Found on page 134 of Chapter 7 Yambo: moniker of chief character in Cryptic Flame of Queen Loana besides the amusing Le Avventrue Di Ciuffettino. This is found on pages134-136 in Chapter 7. Salgari, Sandokan: images found on pages 147-149. Sherlock Holmes: A connexion between Sherlock and Yambo in a detective sense. This is found on pages 150-151. de te fabula storyteller: Found on page 150 in Chapter 7 Funes the Memorious: Text written by Borges. This mention is on page 154. The Magic Mountain: Novel by Thomas Mann. Found on page 155 of Chapter 7.

Fieldwork essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fieldwork - Essay Example Humans exhibit certain notable signs while communicating and these signs are known to come out of subconscious straightforwardly. The emblems are set of gestures that are universally understood and comprehended throughout the globe and meanings associated with these actions vary culture to culture as well. The most important of these are called illustrators and they are unconsciously used in order to backup one’s words. The negative expressions are strongly related with nods, parallel moment of Index figures. The positive thoughts are attached with subtle physical clues while, the information of danger is communicated with the help of showing one’s palms to others and the voice ingredient intensifies itself when we talk with energy and enthusiasm and similar developments can occur with redness of face when somebody is angry or sorrowful. Adaptors are set of gestures that indicate that a person is comfortable with the current conversation. People are famous for leaning back and relaxing themselves when they are communicating with close friends and family. They unknowingly invade personal spaces of each other as well. Additionally, human body moves towards the individuals for whom we have certain feelings of closeness and affection. However, generally we move away from those who appear undesirable for us and these gestures are referred to as Regulators. Final version of expressions is duly motivated with the presence of emotions. The Affect Displays give the clues about the emotional state of the person. The chins are likely to drop when oneself is going through emotional pain whereas, anger can make humans breath heavily and increasing intensity of voice is almost bound to accompany the feeling of rage. The collective of abovementioned symptoms can be used in order to decipher one’s emotional state. The practi tioners of Emotional Intelligence have the ability

The Thirty Years War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Thirty Years War - Essay Example Later, the war turned into a rather general conflict involving France and the Hapsburg poweri. As mentioned earlier, the war was spread in phases over the period from the year 1618 to 1648. Initially, there was a treaty called Peace of Augsburg signed in 1555 which brought temporary peace in regards to religious competition in the state of Germany. However, the treaty only recognized the Lutherans and Roman Catholic. Despite this, the Cal-vines had made gains in a number of states and consequently began to demand recognition of their rights and acceptance of their ways of life. In 1617, Ferdinand of Styria was the king of the Bohemian Kingdom and was an ardent supporter of numerous Catholic missions. This did not go well with the Calvinists because they feared that under Ferdinand rule they would be oppressed and their rights would not be recognized. The Calvinists went ahead and threw two Catholics from a building, seventy feet tall, as a show of their dissatisfaction with the king. Fortunately, the two Catholics just sustained minor injuries as they fell on a pile of manure. But this action led to the Catholics invading Bohemia which was a Calvinist strong hold. The conflict resulted into war ending with Catholics winning and Calvinists losing and sustaining heavy and multiple casualties1. Another significant period of the war was between 1625 and 1629 in Denmark where the Protestants went into battle with the Catholics. During this phase, the war claimed many casualties and a significant destruction of property from both sides. In the end, the Catholics claimed victory and installed their king who continued the unpopular policies directed towards oppressing non-Catholics. This alarmed those Christians who viewed this as sheer absurdity and ways of oppressing fellow man. As a result, the Protestants cooperated came together all over Europe with an aim of championing their rights and revolting against the dominant Catholic majority ii. The entire period of the thirty years war was characterized by many religious conflicts in many European countries and empires. However, the saddest thing was that, besides causing psychological harm, it also claimed many lives and led to massive destruction of property and infrastructure. Therefore, the war considerably affected the lives of many Europeans. According to statistics, it reduced the population of German states by about 25% with the male population being reduced to half. The destruction was also aided by diseases and famines in different regions all over Europe. It was hard to feed the masses as there was no time to cultivate hence significantly reducing the food supplies. Diseases were also hard to treat as there were no properly organized supplies of medicine and medical personnel. Furthermore, the hostility between different groups resulted in blocking of supply routes as rivals did all they could to cut supply to opposing sides. The destruction was also catalyzed by the expulsion of oppos ing religious groups from the regions where they were the minority. For instance, Protestants were expelled from Czech land; an action which reduced the population of the land by a third. The destruction was quite severe that the regions that were hard hit by the war took centuries to recover. Despite the thirty years war largely being religious inclined, it also involved political supremacy and conquest. This is because many rulers looked forward to taking advantage of the weakened regions to conquered them and spread their dominance.

PHP information technology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PHP information technology - Essay Example Several important features of PHP will ensure that PHP remains the central instrument of application development in the nearest future. First, PHP is an open source language of programming that enables both the beginners and professional programmers to develop and deploy new open source applications. As a result, open source software is not only cheaper but much more competitive than the applications developed by commercial organizations. â€Å"It has a cheap, fast, reliable, and widely supported environment to run in, therefore it is mainly used in standard web deployment, not only large enterprises† (Anonymous). For the reasons stated above, large and small businesses can use PHP in the development of their own non-commercial applications. For example, small businesses that have just entered the market can apply to PHP and develop their own programs and applications without any major costs. Second, PHP is perfect for beginners (Anonymous). It is easy to use, and it will cont inue to dominate open source systems and applications created by non-experienced programmers and users. PHP is both flexible and diverse in the sense that it can be used in a variety of ways. PHP is portable and functional, and its promising future is predetermined. However, the issue of protecting property rights has the potential to reduce the usability and applicability of PHP in open source software. Actually, the rapid expansion of the copyright and intellectual property movements can destroy the very phenomenon of open source software, including PHP. As of today, open source software developers cannot be secured from the risks of violations and patent lawsuits from copyright and patent owners (Thomas 2). Thus, future programmers and legal professionals will have to work together, in order to find the most appropriate legal and software balance, while also letting PHP flourish in the open source landscape. DQ 2 Data warehousing provides numerous benefits but can become a major source of problems for organizations. Inherent in the use of data warehousing techniques within organizations are the issues of security in data management, security in data exploration, and the risks of abusing data encryption used to enhance data privacy (Agosta). It should be noted, that the data warehousing concept has already become one of the central innovations in the field of organizational data management (Ramamurthy, Sen & Sihna 976). Data warehousing is being widely used to support organizational decision making (Ramamurthy, Sen & Sihna 976). Data warehousing can be conceptualized as a unique and extremely effective way to store large volumes of information, which makes it particularly useful in organizations. Data warehousing holds a promise to enhance businesses’ information processing capacity and ability to access, collect, allocate, and share information with the goal of improving the quality of management and consumer relations (Ramamurthy, Sen & Sihna 976). Unfortunately, data warehousing is not without problems. Security and safety of business data remains a matter of continued professional concern. Business data can be extremely sensitive and require additional protection from the risks of misuse and abuse, but data warehousing systems may simply lack capacities and functions required to guarantee security and full protection of sensitive data (Agosta). Another problem is directly related

Law Essays Tort Law School

Law Essays Tort Law School Tort Law School Advise the various parties to their rights and obligations in relation to the two scenarios below. Answers should be around 1000 words each. 1) Steve was employed as a grounds man at the Chiswick school for girls. The school grounds were considered to be one of the most beautiful sites in the area. Steves principal responsibilities were to keep the grounds in order and to ensure that the girls did not stray onto the parts of the grounds that were cordoned off. Vicky and Mandy, both 12, often strayed onto the prohibited areas and, on one occasion, Steve used force to remove them, badly bruising Vickys arm in the process. In defiance of the schools express instructions, Steve often sought the aid of his brother, Mike, in policing the grounds. One evening when patrolling the grounds, Mike carelessly left a lighted cigarette on a pile of papers kept in one of the outhouses, setting it alight. 2) Brenda worked for one of the few remaining coal suppliers until she retired on the grounds of ill health in Feb of this year. She was, for the 15 years of her employment, involved in mainly manual work, loading coal into bags and trucks for delivery to the firms many business and private customers. Six months before she retired, Brenda discovered that she had lung cancer. Her Father and Grandfather had been heavy smokers and had both died of lung cancer. Brenda was a social smoker. Brendas union representative advised her that several scientific studies had linked lung cancer to exposure to coal dust. Such studies suggested that employees could alleviate such risks by allowing employees 30 minutes of fresh air after every three hour shift. 1) It is assumed that both Vicky and Mandy are pupils at the school for the purposes of this answer. Both girls may have an action against the school in the tort of negligence. To establish an claim in negligence five essential criteria must be satisfied. In this case it is necessary to prove that Vicky and Mandy are owed a legally recognised duty of care by the defendant. Next, a breach of that specified duty must be proven on the balance of probabilities. The girls must then demonstrate that damage has been suffered. Fourth it must be shown that the injury sustained came about as a direct result of the breach identified. Lastly it must be proved that the damage is not excluded in law on the ground of being remote. ie. it must be shown that the damage identified was reasonably foreseeable in the circumstances of the case Each of these conditions must be satisfied before Vicky and Mandy can be advised they have a sound case for to be compensated. Each condition is addressed below. In Donoghue v Stephenson. Lord Atkins described the range of the duty of care in negligence by way of a formulation that has been adopted and applied in numerous cases: You must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbour. Who, then, in law, is my neighbour? Lord Atkin proceeded to answer this crucial question: The answer seems to be persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question. It is easy to conclude that Vicky and Mandy, being pupils of the school, will be deemed neighbours of the school under this statement of the law. Given the likely existence of a duty the issue of breach of the duty of care can be investigated. In Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks it was stated that: Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. The defendants might have been liable for negligence, if, unintentionally, they omitted to do that which a reasonable person would have done, or did that which a person taking reasonable precautions would not have done. The facts indicate that Steve has been lax in his duty to keep the girls away from the property in question. This conclusion is suggested by the fact that it is stated that the girls often stray onto the prohibited areas. Moreover, Steves use of force in removing the girls is clearly and excessive and negligent response to the situation. It should be noted that these girls are only twelve years old and that Vickys arm has been badly bruised by Steves actions. It is argued that it should not have been necessary to manhandle the girls in any fashion, let alone to apply such physical force as to inflict serious bruising. It is concluded that Steves actions would not have been performed by a prudent and reasonable man, and that a breach of duty has occurred. The damage suffered by Vicky is clear and claimable. It seems that Mandy has escaped physical injury but there is a possibility that she has suffered emotional trauma and stress which may be claimable. Further particulars on this issue are sought. Causation is clear on the facts. The chain of events running from Steves use of physical force to Vickys injury is straightforward and unbroken. Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee (discussed below) is authority on this issue, which should present no significant obstacle to Vickys claim. Remoteness of damage will not bar Vickys claim either. The Wagon Mound No.1 (1967) , provides that only damage which is a reasonably foreseeable consequence of a breach is recoverable in law. It is submitted that a badly bruised arm is a normal and natural consequence of the use of physical force as applied by Steve in this context. Therefore it is concluded that Vickys claim will not be defeat on the grounds of being remote. In light of the fact that we have satisfied each of the elements of Vickys claim in negligence she can be advised that she has a claim against both Steve and more importantly the School which employs him on the basis of vicarious liability. Vicky would be advised to focus on her claim against the School, given that the School will have the insurance cover to adequately meet any damages awarded. As stated, Mandy may also have a claim, but we need to know more about any emotional damage she may have suffered in order to offer reliable advice. Mike is not an authorised visitor at the school and can be considered a trespasser. The same negligence criteria described above are applicable and it is clear that the School is owed a duty and that Mike is in breach of that duty in carelessly leaving a lit cigarette on paper. The damage suffered is that done to the outhouse and surroundings by the fire and there is no difficulty proving causation or the issue of remoteness on the facts. Mike will be liable to compensate the School in damages and Steve is likely to be subject to severe disciplinary action if not dismissal as a result of his repeated breach of express instructions not to seek the aid of any other party in policing the grounds. 2) There is a sophisticated and exacting legal regime imposed on employers for the purposes of promoting and safeguarding workplace health and safety. Brenda has discovered she suffers from lung cancer and she has been advised that several scientific studies have linked lung cancer to exposure to coal dust, which was part and parcel of Brendas work for fifteen years. In the celebrated case Wilsons and Clyde Coal Ltd v English it was held by the House of Lords that employers are under a duty to provide: 1) a safe place of work; 2) a safe system of work; 3) full and appropriate training; 4) safe equipment and materials; 5) competent employees. Brenda may be advised to argue that her employer failed to provide a safe system of work because the employer did not allow her a thirty minute fresh air break every three hours. However there are major potential problems with her claim. First, the strength of the evidence linking exposure to coal dust with lung cancer is unclear on the information provided in the brief. The status of the scientific studies linking the dust with the disease is unspecified. Thousands of so-called scientific studies are published each year and they are wildly different in substance, form and nature. It is necessary both to establish the credibility and influence of the studies in question and the strength of the link between the dust and the disease. Studies have been published over the years producing all kinds of results and conclusions, for example, linking the consumption of biscuits with heart disease and the consumption of black pepper with lung cancer, but it is not necessarily the case that compelling and serious risks to health are thereby identified. By the same token it is necessary to establish that the suggestion made by the studies that employees could alleviate such risks by allowing employees 30 minutes of fresh air after every three hour shift holds scientific water. Therefore Brenda has considerable work to do in establishing that the evidence on which she is basing her claim is reliable and compelling. If the said studies or any of the considered conclusions of those studies are deemed to be of little value, then Brendas case may fail at an early stage for lack of proof, given that her claim must be established on the balance of probabilities before the court. The second major difficulty with Brendas claim is that she is a smoker, and that she comes from a family of heavy smokers. Whatever the evidence linking coal dust with lung cancer, there is an enormous amount of compelling evidence linking smoking with lung cancer. The fact that both her father and grandfather were heavy smokers, and that they both died of lung cancer, suggests a genetic and social predisposition to Brendas current predicament. Brenda will have been subject both to direct inhalation of cigarette smoke and presumably the passive inhalation of cigarette smoke in the family setting. Brenda will have an uphill struggle convincing the court that her disease is linked to her exposure to coal dust at work and not to her voluntary smoking habit, which is known, both publicly and unequivocally, to cause the disease complained of. The issue of causation will be the central and pivotal matter in this case and it is one that cannot be decided here. Expert medical evidence will need to be adduced on both sides and considered carefully by the court. In the case Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Committee a man presented at hospital suffering stomach pains, but was told to go home without even being examined by a doctor. The man later died. It transpired that the man had been poisoned by arsenic and that he would have died even if he had received the best medical attention available. Manifestly the hospital had been negligent in failing to examine him, but that negligence was not considered to be the cause of death and therefore the hospital avoided liability. It is submitted that, subject to expert consideration of the relevant medical evidence, the same fate may befall Brendas claim. It may be deemed the employer was negligent in failing to provide the necessary fresh air breaks so as to ensure a safe system of work, but this may not be considered the ultimate cause of Brendas lung cancer in the circumstances. In addition to the further investigation specified above, it is important to ascertain the length of time Brenda was a smoker and the number of cigarettes per day that she smoked. It is presumed given the words of the brief that Brenda has now given up smoking. If Brenda can prove that the studies linking coal dust and cancer are compelling and that her own condition appears (on the balance of probability) to have been caused by exposure to the dust and not to her smoking (which is probably the highest hurdle), then she can bring a solid case against her employer on the further proviso that she can establish that the employer acted unreasonably in failing to allow her a thirty minute fresh air break per three hours. In order to fulfil the latter requirement Brenda will need to demonstrate that the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to dust was or should have been known to employers in the sector concerned. Bibliography Rogers W.V.H., Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort, (2002) Sweet Maxwell Cooke, J, Law of Tort, (2005) Pearson Stephenson G., Sourcebook on Torts, (2000) Cavendish Publishing Keenan D., Smith and Keenans English Law, (1998) Pitman Publishing Keenan, D. and Riches S., Business Law, Seventh Ed, (2001) Longman Weir, T, Casebook on Torts, (2004) Sweet and Maxwell Kelly D. and Holmes A., Principles of Business Law, (1997) Cavendish Publishing Spink P, Challenging Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the Workplace, Environmental Law Review, (2000) Volume 1 Issue 4, pp243-265.

The Little Prince ? A Closer L :: essays research papers

Having read the article The Gift Of Imagination this one quote best describes imagination in us. â€Å"Almost all children have vivid imaginations. A few retain them. But somewhere in the process of growing up, most people reject it or learn to conceal it or deny that they have it, even though they use it every day.† Silver Donald Cameron. As we grow up we loose our imagination and form ourselves to the â€Å"norm† of society. In the novel The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint Exupery imagination is evident throughout the entire novel with the â€Å"grown up† and â€Å"child†. The building blocks in the novel are: imagination, life of Antoine, novel, movie comparison, childlike and grownup characteristics, heady stuff and the secret found on page 87. Antoine de Saint Exupery is a French man born in Lyon, France in the year 1900. Being born into a poor aristocratic family, he became a pilot and worked as a mail carrier. Antoine had none to very little of a social life. He traveled to Canada and New York in 1942 with his wife Consuela. Antoine never considered himself a writer, he saw himself as a pilot. While working as a pilot Antoine crashed in the Sahara desert. Most often in coffee shops Antoine would doodle on the napkins drawing cartoons. Antoine’s friend would keep all of his drawings. Consuela bought him a doll along with Antoine’s drawings â€Å"The Little Prince† was written. While working for the French government in 1944, Antoine’s plane was shot down while flying in German territory taking pictures. The wreckage has never been found. After reading and watching the work The Little Prince, one should notice some similarities and differences between the two. The main characters remain the same personality, setting is in the Sahara desert, and the storyline and other aspects remain consistent. The general plot with the little prince moving from one country to another meeting new people is the same in both. During the Princes journey he meets the following characters in both works: the pilot, the businessman, the geographer, the snake, and the fox. Another similarity between the two is that we see pictures drawn and the same pictures are shown in the movie. The Hollywood version and the novel differ. Visually, and vocally are the two different aspects. During the time of thirst in the movie the pilot and the little prince find an oasis while there was an ordinary well in the book.